Cancer and Biopsy

Cancer and Biopsy

Cancer is a deadly disease in which cells of any body part begin to grow abnormally, harmfully, and randomly until these extra cells take the form of acne or tumors. The main cause of cancer is the DNA in the cells, which naturally changes and divides the cells in a continuous and abnormal way. This change is called mutation in medical terms. That is one to two, two to four, four to eight. And in the same order, the growth of unnecessary cells continues. There could be several reasons for this change in DNA.

For example, smoking, alcohol, blisters, gutka use, exposure to too much sun, drinking hot tea or coffee, canned foods or frozen foods, and the use of chemical preservatives. In general, the immune system eliminates invading germs. But cancer cells combine with the body’s own cells. Therefore, the immune system does not recognize these cells, and thus they begin to grow in the body. Cancer can affect people of any age.

Symptoms of Cancer

Common symptoms include tumors, pain, and weight loss, as well as symptoms related to the part of the body where it appears. For example, if you have esophageal cancer, you may find it difficult to eat or drink anything. Similarly, lung cancer includes coughing or shortness of breath, blood cancer, bruising or abnormal bleeding, fatigue, and fever.

Types of Cancer

Cancer is divided into two types. One type is called benign and the other is called malignant. The growth of benign cancer stops after a certain period of time and does not spread to other parts of the body. However, some benign cancers can also be dangerous. Malignant tumors are dangerous and have the potential to grow. They can spread to any part of the body.

How does Cancer Spread?

The process by which cancer spreads from one place to another is called metastasis in medical terms. It is a Greek word meaning to emigrate. The part of the body where cancer develops is called the primary tumor. For example, if breast cancer enters any part of the body from its place, the primary tumor will be called where it has spread from. There are many sources of cancer in the body, such as arteries.

Whether it’s clean blood vessels that contain the “oxygenated” blood or dirty blood vessels that contain “deoxygenated” blood. For example, if colon cancer develops, it first spreads to the liver. This is because one of the blood vessels in the intestine drains into the blood vessels of the liver, through which cancer reaches the liver. Another source of cancer spread is lymphatic’s.

Lymphatics are actually the body’s ducts, which contain water-like material, also called lymph. The function of this lymph is to carry the body’s proteins and the substance found between the cells to the blood vessels. These lymph nodes enter the bloodstream through glands in the body and these glands are called lymph nodes. These glands are found at small distances in the body and act like a soldier.

That is, if there are any germs in the lymph, then the white blood cells in these glands are helpful in killing them. Whichever part of the gland appears, the volume of the glands there first begins to increase, which grows into a gland-like shape. As the cancer cells begin to spread throughout the body through the lymphatics, so when they enter the glands, they begin to grow there too, and form a lump.

The third source of cancer spread may be that cancer may spread to other parts of the body to such an extent that it may enter another organ and infect it. As the cancer of the leaf progresses and enters the liver, it also affects it. In addition, cancer cells can spread through the veins (Perineural Invasion).

Diagnosis of Cancer Type 

The biopsy is essential for the final diagnosis of any type of cancer. Several methods of biopsy are used. One procedure involves going through the affected area and examining it with a small tissue microscope. This process is completed in 15 to 20 minutes and the patient does not even need to be admitted to the hospital. Sometimes an incision is made in the gland near cancer and the entire tumor is removed and examined. This procedure is called Excisional Biopsy.

The second method is to punch out, which is done with a special type of needle cut. A small piece of tissue is also removed in a punch-out biopsy. Such a biopsy can be performed with local anesthesia without hospitalization and even after admission to the hospital. And sometimes the patient needs to be completely anesthetized.

However, only a surgeon can decide what will be best for the patient. If the cancer is in the esophagus, stomach, or intestines, a biopsy is done through endoscopy. Similarly, fine needle aspiration cytology (fine needle). In aspiration cytology, a thin needle is inserted into the affected area to remove the contents, which are usually cans of Thai rye. R is used.

With the help of each type of biopsy tissue, pathologists typically determine the type, and origin of cancer and how far it has spread in the body. It takes 12 days. A biopsy also makes the final diagnosis of whether it is cancer or a benign tumor. Oncologists recommend treatment methods only after the biopsy report has been given. Keep in mind that biopsy plays a very important role in the treatment of cancer.

Unfortunately, in our society, it is a common misconception that cancer spreads rapidly in the body after the biopsy. There is no doubt that cancer cells are very loosely connected to each other, which can spread at the slightest provocation. But the chances of this happening are very low because according to researchers, thanks to modern technology.

The chances of an outbreak are slim. In 2014, researchers at Raja Rajeshwari Dental College and Hospital, India, after conducting research on cases related to biopsy-related cancer cell seeding from 1983 to 2012, concluded that the risk of cancer spread through biopsy depends on two factors. The first is that some very specific types of cancer are more likely to spread and the second depends on the biopsy method.

However, in most cases, the symptoms of cancer appear only after the cancer has spread in the body. Sometimes, after a biopsy, the report shows that the cancer is not from the place where the tissue was taken, but it has spread to another part of the body. During this time cancer spreads throughout the body and by the time the biopsy is done, the symptoms start appearing in other parts of the body.

Then it is believed that the cancer has spread after the biopsy. The research is done all over the world. It has been proven that cancer does not spread at all through biopsy. According to Dr. Jonathan Appstein, Professor of Pathology, Urology, and Oncology at Johns Hopkins Hospital and Director of Surgical Pathology, biopsies do not cause any spread in most types of cancer.

In January 2015, according to a study by researchers in Jacksonville, Florida, patients who underwent biopsy had better outcomes and longer lives than those who did not undergo biopsy. So it is wrong to say that biopsy can spread cancer. It is very difficult for doctors all over the world to treat a cancer patient without a biopsy, but unfortunately, most people do not understand this.

That’s all there is to it. In addition, the treatment of cancer should not be delayed, because cancer continues to grow and the more it grows, the more difficult it will be to treat. So it is very imperative to start a biopsy in a timely manner to perform it according to the doctor’s instructions, treatment will be quicker. The onset of symptoms may be due to the fact that the cancer is not an incurable disease, provided it is diagnosed early.

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